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Understanding UMTS Radio Network Modelling, Planning and Automated Optimisation : Theory and Practice book contents list ...

Preface. Acknowledgements. List of Acronyms. Notes on Editors and Contributors

Part I - Introduction

Modern approaches to radio network modelling and planning

1.1 Historical aspects of radio network planning

1.2 Importance and limitations of modelling approaches

1.3 Manual versus automated planning

References

Introduction to the UTRA FDD radio interface

2.1 Introduction to CDMA based networks

2.2 The UTRA FDD air interface

2.2.1 Spreading codes

2.2.2 Common physical channels

2.2.3 Dedicated physical channels

2.3 UTRA FDD key mechanisms

2.3.1 Cell breathing and soft capacity

2.3.2 Interference and power control

2.3.3 Soft handover and compressed mode

2.4 Parameters that require planning

2.4.1 Signal path parameters

2.4.2 Power allocation

2.4.3 System settings

References

Spectrum and service aspects

3.1 Spectrum aspects

3.1.1 Spectrum requirements for UMTS

3.1.2 Spectrum identified for UMTS

3.1.3 Frequency arrangements for the UMTS terrestrial component

3.1.4 Operator spectrum demands

3.2 Service features and characteristics

References

Trends for the near future

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Systems yet to be deployed

4.2.1 UTRA TDD

4.2.2 TD-SCDMA

4.2.3 Satellite segment

4.3 Enhanced coverage

4.3.1 Ultra High Sites (UHS)

4.3.2 High Altitude Platform System (HAPS)

4.4 Enhanced capacity

4.4.1 Hierarchical Cell Structures (HCS)

4.4.2 High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)

4.4.3 High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)

4.4.4 Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation (OFDM)

4.5 Heterogeneous approaches

4.5.1 Wireless LANs

4.5.2 Wireless MANs (WiMAX)

4.6 Concluding remarks

References

Part II - Modelling

Propogation Modelling

5.1 Radio channels in wideband CDMA systems

5.1.1 Electromagnetic wave propogation

5.1.2 Wideband radio channel characterisation

5.1.3 Introduction to deterministic methods in modelling WCDMA systems

5.1.4 Deterministic methods : comparison of performance

5.2 Application of empirical and deterministic models in picocell planning

5.2.1 Techniques for indoor modelling

5.2.2 Techniques for outdoor-to-indoor modelling

5.3 Application of empirical and deterministic models in microcell planning

5.3.1 COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami model

5.3.2 Manhattan model

5.3.3 Other microcellular propogation models

5.4 Application of empirical and deterministic models in macrocell planning

5.4.1 Modified Hata

5.4.2 Other models

5.5 Propogation models of interfering signals

5.5.1 ITU-R 1546 model

5.5.2 ITU-R 452 model

5.5.3 Statistics in the Modified Hata model

5.6 Radio propogation model calibration

5.6.1 Tuning algorithms

5.6.2 Single and multiple slope approaches

Appendix : Calculation of inverse complementary cumulative normal distribution function

References

Theoretical Models for UMTS Radio Networks

6.1 Antenna modelling

6.1.1 Mobile terminal antenna modelling

6.1.2 Base station antenna modelling

6.2 Link level model

6.2.1 Relation to other models

6.2.2 Link level simulation chain

6.2.3 Link level receiver components

6.2.4 Link level receiver detectors

6.3 Capacity considerations

6.3.1 Capacity of a single cell system

6.3.2 Downlink power-limited capacity

6.3.3 Uplink power-limited capacity

6.4 Static system level model

6.4.1 Link level aspects

6.4.2 Propogation data

6.4.3 Equipment modelling

6.4.4 Transmit powers and power control

6.4.5 Services and user-specific properties

6.4.6 Soft handover

6.4.7 Complete model

6.4.8 Application of a static system-level network model

6.4.9 Power control at cell level

6.4.10 Equation system solving

6.5 Dynamic system level model

6.5.1 Similariites and differences between static and dynamic models

6.5.2 Generic system model

6.5.3 Input / output parameters

6.5.4 Mobility models

6.5.5 Traffic models

6.5.6 Path loss models

6.5.7 Shadowing models

6.5.8 Modelling of small scale fading

6.5.9 SIR calculation

References

Business Modelling Goals and Methods

7.1 Business modelling goals

7.1.1 New business planning

7.1.2 Infrastructure development

7.1.3 Budgeting

7.2 Business modelling methods

7.2.1 Trends and statistical approach

7.2.2 Benchmarking and drivers

7.2.3 Detailed quantative models

7.2.4 Other non-quantative methods

References

Part III - Planning

Fundamentals of Business Planning for Mobile Networks

8.1 Process description

8.1.1 Market analysis and forecasting

8.1.2 Modelling the system

8.1.3 Financial issues

8.1.4 Recommendations

8.2 Technical investment calculation

8.2.1 CAPEX calculation methods

8.2.2 OPEX calculation methods

8.2.3 The role of drivers : Sanity checking

8.3 Revenue and non-technical related investment calculations

8.3.1 Input parameters and assumptions

8.3.2 Revenue calculation methods

8.3.3 Non-technical related investments

8.4 Business planning results

8.4.1 Business plan output parameters

8.4.2 Business plan assessment methods

References

Fundamentals of Network Characteristics

9.1 Power characteristics estimation

9.1.1 Distance to home base station dependency

9.1.2 Traffic load dependency

9.2 Network capacity considerations

9.2.1 Irregular base station distribution grid

9.2.2 Improper antenna azimuth arrangement

9.3 Required minimum network size for calculation

References

Fundamentals of Practical Radio Access Network Design

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Inout parameters

10.2.1 Base station classification

10.2.2 Hardware parameters

10.2.3 Environmental specifics

10.2.4 Technology essentials

10.3 Network dimensioning

10.3.1 Coverage versus capacity

10.3.2 Cell coverage

10.3.3 Cell Erlang capacity

10.4 Detailed network planning

10.4.1 Site-to-site distance and antenna height

10.4.2 Site location

10.4.3 Sectorisation

10.4.4 Antenna and sector direction

10.4.5 Electrical and mechanical tilt

10.4.6 Temporal aspects in HCS

References

Compatibility of UMTS Systems

11.1 Scenarios of interference

11.1.1 Interference between UMTS and other systems

11.1.2 Intra-system interference

11.2 Approaches to compatibility calculations

11.2.1 Principles of compatibility calculations

11.2.2 Minimum Coupling Loss (MCL) method

11.2.3 Monte Carlo (MC) method

11.2.4 Propogation models for compatibility calculations

11.2.5 Characteristics of UTRA stations for the compatibility calculations

11.3 Internal electromagnetic compatibility

11.4 External electromagnetic compatibility

11.4.1 UMTS TDD versus DECT WLL

11.4.2 Compatibility between UMTS and Radio Astronomy Service

11.4.3 Compatibility between UMTS and MMDS

11.5 International cross-border coordination

11.5.1 Principles of coordination

11.5.2 Propogation models for coordination calculations

11.5.3 Application of preferential frequencies

11.5.4 Use of preferencial codes

11.5.5 Examples of coordination agreements

References

Network Design - Specialised Aspects

12.1 Network infrastructure sharing

12.1.1 Network sharing methods

12.1.2 Legal aspects

12.1.3 Drivers for sharing

12.2 Adjacent channel interference control

12.3 Fundamentals of Ultra High Site deployment

References

Part IV - Optimisation

Introduction to Optimisation of the UMTS Radio Network

13.1 Automation of radio network optimisation

13.2 What should be optimised and why?

13.3 How do we benchmark the optimised results?

13.3.1 Locatiion based information

13.3.2 Sectors and network statistical data

13.3.3 Cost and optimisation efforts

References

Theory of Automated Network Optimisation

14.1 Introduction

14.1.1 From practice to optimisation models

14.1.2 Optimisation techniques

14.2 Optimisation parameters for static models

14.2.1 Site location and configuration

14.2.2 Antenna related parameter

14.2.3 CPICH power

14.3 Optimisation targets and objective function

14.3.1 Coverage

14.3.2 Capacity

14.3.3 Soft handover areas and pilot pollution

14.3.4 Cost of implementation

14.3.5 Combination and further possibilities

14.3.6 Additioinal practical and technical constraints

14.3.7 Example of objective function propereties

14.4 Network optimisation with evolutionary algorithms

14.4.1 Genetic algorithms

14.4.2 Evolutionary strategies

14.4.3 Practical implementation of GA for tilt and CPICH

14.5 Optimisation without simulation

14.5.1 Geometry based configuration methods

14.5.2 Coverage driven approaches

14.5.3 Advanced models

14.5.4 Expected coupling matrices

14.6 Comparison and suitabilty of algorithms

14.6.1 General strategies

14.6.2 Discussion of methods

14.6.3 Combination of methods

References

Automatic Network Design

15.1 The key challenges in UMTS network optimisation

15.1.1 Problem definition

15.1.2 Matching UMTS coverage to GSM

15.1.3 Supporting high bit rate data services

15.1.4 Handling dual technology networks

15.2 Engineering case studies for network optimisation

15.2.1 Example network description

15.2.2 Pre-launched (unloaded) network optimisation

15.2.3 Loaded network optimisation

15.3 Case study : optimising base station location and parameters

15.3.1 Data setting

15.3.2 Optimisation approach

15.3.3 Results

15.3.4 Conclusions

References

Auto-tuning of RRM Parameters in UMTS Networks

16.1 Intorduction

16.2 Radio resource management for controlling network quality

16.3 Auto-tuning of RRM parameters

16.3.1 Parameter selection for auto-tuning

16.3.2 Target selection for auto-tuning

16.3.3 Fuzzy logic controllers (FLC)

16.3.4 Case study : Auto-tuning of macrodiversity

16.4 Optimisation strategies of the auto-tuning process

16.4.1 Off-line optimisation using Particle Swarm approach

16.4.2 On-line optimisation using reinforcement learning

16.5 Conclusions

Acknowledgement

References

UTRAN Transmission Infrastructure Planning and Optimisation

17.1 Introduction

17.1.1 Short UTRAN overview

17.1.2 Requirements for UTRAN transmission infrastructure

17.2 Protocol solutions for UTRAN transmission infrastructure

17.2.1 Main considerations for ATM layer protocols in current 3G networks

17.2.2 MPLS architecture for future 3G transmissions

17.2.3 The path to direct IP transmission networking

17.3 End-to-end transmission dimensioning approach

17.3.1 Dimensioning of Node B throughput

17.3.2 Traffic dimensioning of the ATM network

17.3.3 Traffic dimensioning of the IP Network

17.4 Network solutions for UTRAN transmission infrastructure

17.4.1 Leased lines

17.4.2 Point-to-point systems

17.4.3 Point-to-multipoint systems - LMDS

17.4.4 WiMAX as a potential UTRAN backhaul solution

17.5 Efficient use of WiMAX in UTRAN

17.5.1 Dimensioning of WiMAX for UTRAN infrastructure

17.5.2 Current WiMAX limitations

17.6 Cost effective radio solution for UTRAN infrastructure

17.6.1 RF planning aspects

17.6.2 Throughput dimensioning

17.6.3 Methods of finding optimal LMDS network configurations

17.6.4 Costs evaluation of UTRAN infrastructure - software example

!7.6.5 Example calculations and comparison of results

References

Concluding remarks. Index

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